The genre splits cleanly into pre-Wordle and post-Wordle.
Pre-Wordle (1996-2020) was the canonical-word-game era. Words With Friends (2009, originally by Newtoy, acquired by Zynga 2010) became the social-Scrabble standard. Free Rice (2007) gamified vocabulary learning while donating rice to the UN World Food Programme — the unusually wholesome variant. Vocabulary.com (early 2010s) became the canonical paid vocabulary platform with a substantial free tier. The NYT Crossword went online in 1996 and remained the gold standard for full crosswords. Boggle ports proliferated. None of these saw mass-market viral moments.
Wordle (October 2021) was the inflection point. Josh Wardle, a Welsh software engineer, built the game for his partner during the pandemic. He released it publicly with one tweet in October 2021. Three months later it had millions of daily players. The New York Times acquired it in January 2022 for "low seven figures." Within a year, Wordle had spawned hundreds of derivatives: Quordle (June 2022), Octordle (early 2022), Sedecordle (16 at once), Absurdle (adversarial), Nerdle (math), Sweardle (cursing), Crosswordle (crossword + Wordle), themed variants for every fandom (Star Wordle for Star Wars, Taylordle for Taylor Swift, Subwaydle for the NYC subway).
Connections launched in 2023 as NYT's follow-up — group 16 words into 4 themed categories. It became the second-biggest daily NYT game within months. Spelling Bee (long-standing NYT puzzle) saw its audience triple as Wordle players spread to the broader NYT Games suite.
The 2024-2026 era is the consolidation. Most Wordle clones disappeared; the survivors are the genuinely-distinct variants (Quordle, Connections, Crosswordle, Nerdle for math) plus the pre-Wordle canon. Listdle (listdle.com) emerged as the canonical aggregator for daily word/puzzle games.